Performing First-aid Feats When There is No Kit

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    A common baseball cap can be converted into a neck brace (above left). Foam inside a life jacket can be used to make a splint (above right).

    If you reach for the onboard first-aid kit and find out there isn’t one, don’t panic during an emergency. Some out-of-the-box thinking will help put the needed medical tools in your hands.

    The guiding rule to survival is to use what’s available and improvise.

    • Battens make ideal arm and leg splints. A rolled magazine can become both a splint and temporary cast, particularly when fastened snuggly with duct tape.
    • Popsicle sticks make good finger splints.
    • A towel cut into a triangular shape is a sling.
    • Rolled towels can substitute for the foam blocks used to secure a patient’s head to a long spine board before transfer to a stretcher and ambulance.
    • A belt is a tourniquet, as is a cloth sail tie or piece of webbing, both far better than twine or thin-diameter line that might cut into the skin when tightened. Be careful not to stop blood circulation completely or for longer than necessary.
    • An eye injury can be covered and protected with a paper cup. Duct tape can be used to keep the cup in place.
    • A baseball cap, the top material collapsed against the inside of the front insignia panel, can serve as a rudimentary cervical collar when tucked upside down beneath the chin. It can be fastened with duct tape or tied with a piece of fabric.
    • A sail, especially a clean one, provides a warm and comfortable wrap for patients suffering from hypothermia.
    • Aluminum foil works wonders when trying to keep a patient warm. It also can be used as a bandage cover.
    • Clear plastic wrap can cover a sucking chest wound. Tape it on three sides.
    • A clear plastic bag can shroud an injured hand or foot.
    • Fresh water sterilized by boiling can be used to flush wounds.
    • A turkey baster makes a wonderful syringe for irrigating a laceration.
    • Bunk sheets can be folded into compress bandages.
    • Napkins can be cut into small wound dressings similar to gauze pads.
    • A plastic credit card can be used to brush off a bee’s stinger or nettles.
    • For sailors with emergency medical experience, a cockpit winch and a length of webbing can be carefully implemented as a mechanical traction device for femur fractures.
    • Sanitary napkins like Kotex make for absorbent wound dressings, while tampons can be used on nosebleeds or injuries with minor blood flow.
    • Tea bags will sop up blood in a mouth injury.
    • Fresh oranges can provide vitamin C. No glucose on board? Orange juice and sugar packets can assist in case of a diabetic reaction.
    • And last, but not least, rum can be both painkiller and anesthetic.

    — David Liscio, a Practical Sailor contributor, is a Massachusetts Emergency Medical Responder and certified Emergency Medical Technician.